![]() Logical assignment operators ( ?=, &=, ||=,) ECMAScript 2021 (ES12): Added enhancement to strings ( replaceAll), promises ( Promise.any), and object references.ECMAScript 2020 (ES11): introduces a BigInt primitive type for arbitrary-size integers, the nullish coalescing operator ( ?) and the gloablThis object.ECMAScript 2019 (ES10): Added, , changes Array.sort and omEntries, catch binding becomes optional, etc.), spread operator, asynchronous iteration, additions to regular expression. ![]() ECMAScript 2018 (ES9): Added rest parameters (.ECMAScript 2017 (ES8): Added string padding, async functions which use generators and promises, Object.values, Object.entries for easy object manipulation, etc.This version added exponential operator ( **), block-scoping of variables and functions, await and async keywords for asynchronous programming, etc. ECMAScript 2016 (ES7): Since ES6, ECMAScript standards are on yearly release cycles in June.This version added significant new syntax for writing complex application, including class declaration, let for local declarations, const for constant local declaration, default parameter values, iterators and for.of loops, Python-style generators, arrow function expression ( () => ), binary data, typed arrays, new collections (maps, sets and WeakMap), promises, reflection, proxies, template literals for strings, and many more. ECMA-262 2015: most popularly known as ECMAScript 6 or ES6.Added "strict mode", JSON, Array iteration methods, etc. ECMA-262 version 5 and 5.1 (June 2011): ECMAScript 3.1 was eventually standardized as ECMAScript 5.But a group of developers from Yahoo, Google and Microsoft felt that was too much and created an alternate proposal called ECMAScript 3.1. In 2007, the TC-39 (the committee responsible for ECMAScript) put up a draft specification for ECMAScript 4, which was massive in scope and introduced many new syntax and features. ECMA-262 version 4 - Abandon due to political differences.ECMA-262 version 3 (December 1999): Added regular expressions, try/catch, switch, do-while, etc.ECMA-262 version 1 (June 1997): First edition.The ECMA Specification is called "ECMA-262 ECMAScript Language Specification" (also approved as "ISO/IEC 16262"): Subsequently, Netscape submitted it to ECMA (formerly "European Computer Manufacturers Association", now "Ecma International - European association for standardizing information and communication systems") for standardization, together with Microsoft's JScript. Soon after, Microsoft launched its own version of JavaScript called JScript. JavaScript, originally called LiveScript, was created by Brendan Eich at Netscape in 1995. This allows you to use one single language for both the server-side and client-side programming. With the introduction of Node.js in 2009 (an open-source, cross-platform JavaScript run-time environment), you can run your JavaScript standalone or inside the server (instead of a browser). JavaScript has grown beyond the client-side programming. JavaScript is Now Everywhere with Node.js Together, they enrich the UI/UX of the web users. HTML provides the contents CSS specifies the presentation and JavaScript programs the behavior. the engine that supports AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML - that can be used to update one part of the web page asynchronously), which generate renew interest in JavaScript.a client-side scripting language to enrich web user-interfaces and create dynamic web pages (e.g., for.input validation, and immediate response to user's actions).a small, lightweight, object-oriented, cross-platform, special-purpose scripting language meant to be run under a host environment (typically a web browser).JavaScript is the most widely used client-side programming language that lets you supercharge your HTML with interactivity, animation and dynamic visual effect for better User Interface and User Experience (UI/UX). Introduction It began as a Client-side Programming Language run inside a web browser via a Built-in JavaScript Engine In 2015, the ECMAScript 6 (ES6 or ES2015) introduces major update to the language, such as classes and modules, and make JavaScript a general-purpose programming language capable of complex software tasks. With Node.js (released in May 27, 2009), JavaScript can be used to program server-side and build full-stack web applications, as well as standalone utility scripts. It became more robust with DHTML (1997) and Ajax (1999). JavaScript began as a client-side programming language (which runs inside a web browser via a built-in JavaScript engine) for adding interactive contents to the web pages. Since its release in Decem(six months after Java, which was released in May 23, 1995), JavaScript has gone through many changes.
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